$npx -y skills add anthropics/knowledge-work-plugins --skill journal-entry-prepPrepare journal entries with proper debits, credits, and supporting documentation for month-end close. Use when booking accruals, prepaid amortization, fixed asset depreciation, payroll entries, revenue recognition, or any manual journal entry.
| 1 | # Journal Entry Preparation |
| 2 | |
| 3 | **Important**: This skill assists with journal entry workflows but does not provide financial advice. All entries should be reviewed by qualified financial professionals before posting. |
| 4 | |
| 5 | Best practices, standard entry types, documentation requirements, and review workflows for journal entry preparation. |
| 6 | |
| 7 | ## Standard Accrual Types and Their Entries |
| 8 | |
| 9 | ### Accounts Payable Accruals |
| 10 | |
| 11 | Accrue for goods or services received but not yet invoiced at period end. |
| 12 | |
| 13 | **Typical entry:** |
| 14 | - Debit: Expense account (or capitalize if asset-qualifying) |
| 15 | - Credit: Accrued liabilities |
| 16 | |
| 17 | **Sources for calculation:** |
| 18 | - Open purchase orders with confirmed receipts |
| 19 | - Contracts with services rendered but unbilled |
| 20 | - Recurring vendor arrangements (utilities, subscriptions, professional services) |
| 21 | - Employee expense reports submitted but not yet processed |
| 22 | |
| 23 | **Key considerations:** |
| 24 | - Reverse in the following period (auto-reversal recommended) |
| 25 | - Use consistent estimation methodology period over period |
| 26 | - Document basis for estimates (PO amount, contract terms, historical run-rate) |
| 27 | - Track actual vs accrual to refine future estimates |
| 28 | |
| 29 | ### Fixed Asset Depreciation |
| 30 | |
| 31 | Book periodic depreciation expense for tangible and intangible assets. |
| 32 | |
| 33 | **Typical entry:** |
| 34 | - Debit: Depreciation/amortization expense (by department or cost center) |
| 35 | - Credit: Accumulated depreciation/amortization |
| 36 | |
| 37 | **Depreciation methods:** |
| 38 | - **Straight-line:** (Cost - Salvage) / Useful life — most common for financial reporting |
| 39 | - **Declining balance:** Accelerated method applying fixed rate to net book value |
| 40 | - **Units of production:** Based on actual usage or output vs total expected |
| 41 | |
| 42 | **Key considerations:** |
| 43 | - Run depreciation from the fixed asset register or schedule |
| 44 | - Verify new additions are set up with correct useful life and method |
| 45 | - Check for disposals or impairments requiring write-off |
| 46 | - Ensure consistency between book and tax depreciation tracking |
| 47 | |
| 48 | ### Prepaid Expense Amortization |
| 49 | |
| 50 | Amortize prepaid expenses over their benefit period. |
| 51 | |
| 52 | **Typical entry:** |
| 53 | - Debit: Expense account (insurance, software, rent, etc.) |
| 54 | - Credit: Prepaid expense |
| 55 | |
| 56 | **Common prepaid categories:** |
| 57 | - Insurance premiums (typically 12-month policies) |
| 58 | - Software licenses and subscriptions |
| 59 | - Prepaid rent (if applicable under lease terms) |
| 60 | - Prepaid maintenance contracts |
| 61 | - Conference and event deposits |
| 62 | |
| 63 | **Key considerations:** |
| 64 | - Maintain an amortization schedule with start/end dates and monthly amounts |
| 65 | - Review for any prepaid items that should be fully expensed (immaterial amounts) |
| 66 | - Check for cancelled or terminated contracts requiring accelerated amortization |
| 67 | - Verify new prepaids are added to the schedule promptly |
| 68 | |
| 69 | ### Payroll Accruals |
| 70 | |
| 71 | Accrue compensation and related costs for the period. |
| 72 | |
| 73 | **Typical entries:** |
| 74 | |
| 75 | *Salary accrual (for pay periods not aligned with month-end):* |
| 76 | - Debit: Salary expense (by department) |
| 77 | - Credit: Accrued payroll |
| 78 | |
| 79 | *Bonus accrual:* |
| 80 | - Debit: Bonus expense (by department) |
| 81 | - Credit: Accrued bonus |
| 82 | |
| 83 | *Benefits accrual:* |
| 84 | - Debit: Benefits expense |
| 85 | - Credit: Accrued benefits |
| 86 | |
| 87 | *Payroll tax accrual:* |
| 88 | - Debit: Payroll tax expense |
| 89 | - Credit: Accrued payroll taxes |
| 90 | |
| 91 | **Key considerations:** |
| 92 | - Calculate salary accrual based on working days in the period vs pay period |
| 93 | - Bonus accruals should reflect plan terms (target amounts, performance metrics, payout timing) |
| 94 | - Include employer-side taxes and benefits (FICA, FUTA, health, 401k match) |
| 95 | - Track PTO/vacation accrual liability if required by policy or jurisdiction |
| 96 | |
| 97 | ### Revenue Recognition |
| 98 | |
| 99 | Recognize revenue based on performance obligations and delivery. |
| 100 | |
| 101 | **Typical entries:** |
| 102 | |
| 103 | *Recognize previously deferred revenue:* |
| 104 | - Debit: Deferred revenue |
| 105 | - Credit: Revenue |
| 106 | |
| 107 | *Recognize revenue with new receivable:* |
| 108 | - Debit: Accounts receivable |
| 109 | - Credit: Revenue |
| 110 | |
| 111 | *Defer revenue received in advance:* |
| 112 | - Debit: Cash / Accounts receivable |
| 113 | - Credit: Deferred revenue |
| 114 | |
| 115 | **Key considerations:** |
| 116 | - Follow ASC 606 five-step framework for contracts with customers |
| 117 | - Identify distinct performance obligations in each contract |
| 118 | - Determine transaction price (including variable consideration) |
| 119 | - Allocate transaction price to performance obligations |
| 120 | - Recognize revenue as/when performance obligations are satisfied |
| 121 | - Maintain contract-level detail for audit support |
| 122 | |
| 123 | ## Supporting Documentation Requirements |
| 124 | |
| 125 | Every journal entry should have: |
| 126 | |
| 127 | 1. **Entry description/memo:** Clear, specific description of what the entry records and why |
| 128 | 2. **Calculation support:** How amounts were derived (formula, schedule, source data reference) |
| 129 | 3. **Source documents:** Reference to the underlying transactions or events (PO numbers, invoice numbers, contract references, payroll |