$npx -y skills add calef/us-federal-tax-assistant-skill --skill us-federal-tax-assistant-skillUse this skill when helping users prepare US federal tax returns. Triggers include: any mention of 'tax return', '1040', 'tax filing', 'IRS forms', W-2, 1099, or requests to help with taxes. Use for analyzing tax documents, identifying required forms, filling out tax form PDFs, c
| 1 | # US Federal Tax Return Preparation |
| 2 | |
| 3 | ## Overview |
| 4 | |
| 5 | This skill helps users prepare US federal individual income tax returns by analyzing source documents, identifying required forms, filling out IRS form PDFs, and auditing completed returns for errors. |
| 6 | |
| 7 | ## Workflow |
| 8 | |
| 9 | ### Phase 1: Document Collection Planning |
| 10 | |
| 11 | When the user provides a prior year tax return: |
| 12 | |
| 13 | 1. Analyze the return to identify all income sources, deductions, and credits claimed |
| 14 | 2. Generate a comprehensive checklist of expected tax documents for the current year |
| 15 | 3. Organize the checklist by institution and expected availability date (most 1099s arrive late January to mid-February) |
| 16 | |
| 17 | Example checklist categories: |
| 18 | - W-2s (employers) |
| 19 | - 1099-R (retirement distributions) |
| 20 | - 1099-DIV (dividends) |
| 21 | - 1099-INT (interest) |
| 22 | - 1099-B (brokerage transactions) |
| 23 | - 1099-SA (HSA distributions) |
| 24 | - 5498-SA (HSA contributions) |
| 25 | - 1098 (mortgage interest) |
| 26 | - 1095-A/B/C (health coverage) |
| 27 | |
| 28 | ### Phase 2: Form Identification |
| 29 | |
| 30 | Once source documents are collected: |
| 31 | |
| 32 | 1. Analyze all source documents to determine which IRS forms are required |
| 33 | 2. Provide the user with a list of forms and direct links to download current versions from irs.gov |
| 34 | 3. **CRITICAL**: Request that the user upload the current year blank forms. Do not rely on training data for form layouts—the IRS updates forms annually and line numbers change. |
| 35 | |
| 36 | Common forms and their purposes: |
| 37 | | Form | Purpose | |
| 38 | |------|---------| |
| 39 | | 1040 | Main individual return | |
| 40 | | Schedule 1 | Additional income and adjustments (HSA deduction, etc.) | |
| 41 | | Schedule 2 | Additional taxes | |
| 42 | | Schedule 3 | Additional credits (foreign tax credit, etc.) | |
| 43 | | Schedule A | Itemized deductions | |
| 44 | | Schedule B | Interest and dividends over $1,500 | |
| 45 | | Schedule D | Capital gains and losses | |
| 46 | | Form 8949 | Sales of capital assets | |
| 47 | | Form 8889 | HSA contributions and distributions | |
| 48 | | Form 8995 | Qualified business income (Section 199A) deduction | |
| 49 | | Form 1116 | Foreign tax credit | |
| 50 | | Schedule 8812 | Child tax credit | |
| 51 | |
| 52 | ### Phase 3: Form Completion |
| 53 | |
| 54 | With source documents and blank forms uploaded: |
| 55 | |
| 56 | 1. Extract values from source documents systematically |
| 57 | 2. Map values to appropriate form lines |
| 58 | 3. Complete calculations per IRS instructions |
| 59 | 4. Fill out the PDF forms directly |
| 60 | 5. **Self-validate**: After completing each form, verify totals against source documents before proceeding |
| 61 | |
| 62 | Key validation checks: |
| 63 | - Total withholding across all 1099-Rs matches sum of individual Box 4 values |
| 64 | - Interest income on Schedule B matches sum of all 1099-INT Box 1 values |
| 65 | - Dividend income matches 1099-DIV totals |
| 66 | - Foreign tax paid matches 1099-DIV Box 7 totals |
| 67 | - HSA distribution on Form 8889 matches 1099-SA Box 1 |
| 68 | |
| 69 | ### Phase 4: Audit |
| 70 | |
| 71 | Before finalizing: |
| 72 | |
| 73 | 1. **Visual verification**: Compare source document images against entered values—do not rely solely on extracted text |
| 74 | 2. Verify all cross-form references (e.g., Schedule D total flows to 1040 Line 7) |
| 75 | 3. Check that worksheets (Qualified Dividends, Credit Limit, etc.) are completed correctly |
| 76 | 4. Validate withholding totals match across all forms |
| 77 | |
| 78 | Common error categories to check: |
| 79 | - **Misread source documents**: Confusing similar boxes (e.g., federal withholding vs. Social Security tax on W-2) |
| 80 | - **Incomplete worksheets**: Supporting calculations that don't auto-populate |
| 81 | - **Rounding mismatches**: When systems round before summing vs. after |
| 82 | - **Outdated form knowledge**: Line numbers that changed from prior year |
| 83 | |
| 84 | ## Form-Specific Guidance |
| 85 | |
| 86 | ### W-2 (Wage and Tax Statement) |
| 87 | - Box 1: Wages (1040 Line 1a) |
| 88 | - Box 2: Federal income tax withheld (1040 Line 25a) |
| 89 | - Box 4: Social Security tax withheld (NOT federal income tax—common confusion point) |
| 90 | - Box 12 codes: Watch for Code W (HSA employer contributions), Code DD (health coverage cost) |
| 91 | |
| 92 | ### 1099-R (Retirement Distributions) |
| 93 | - Box 1: Gross distribution |
| 94 | - Box 2a: Taxable amount |
| 95 | - Box 4: Federal income tax withheld |
| 96 | - Box 7: Distribution code |
| 97 | - Code 4: Death distribution (beneficiary IRA) |
| 98 | - Code 7: Normal distribution |
| 99 | - Code G: Direct rollover (not taxable) |
| 100 | - Code 2: Early distribution, exception applies |
| 101 | |
| 102 | ### 1099-DIV (Dividends) |
| 103 | - Box 1a: Total ordinary dividends |
| 104 | - Box 1b: Qualified dividends (taxed at capital gains rates) |
| 105 | - Box 5: Section 199A dividends (REIT dividends eligible for QBI deduction) |
| 106 | - Box 7: Foreign tax paid |
| 107 | - Box 12: Exempt-interest dividends (not taxable but may affect other calculations) |
| 108 | |
| 109 | ### Schedule D and Form 8949 |
| 110 | - Capital loss carryforwards from prior year m |