ansible

Name: ansible
Author: chaterm

50installs12forks

How to install ansible?

chaterm/terminal-skills/ansible

$npx -y skills add chaterm/terminal-skills --skill ansible

Installs into the current project.

Summary

Ansible 自动化运维

Files · 1

View on GitHub

SKILL.md

1	# Ansible 自动化运维
2
3	## 概述
4	Playbook 编写、角色管理、动态 inventory 等技能。
5
6	## 基础命令
7
8	### Ad-hoc 命令
9	```bash
10	# 测试连通性
11	ansible all -m ping
12	ansible webservers -m ping
13
14	# 执行命令
15	ansible all -m command -a "uptime"
16	ansible all -m shell -a "df -h \| grep /dev"
17
18	# 复制文件
19	ansible all -m copy -a "src=/local/file dest=/remote/file"
20
21	# 安装软件
22	ansible all -m apt -a "name=nginx state=present" --become
23	ansible all -m yum -a "name=nginx state=present" --become
24
25	# 管理服务
26	ansible all -m service -a "name=nginx state=started" --become
27
28	# 收集信息
29	ansible all -m setup
30	ansible all -m setup -a "filter=ansible_distribution*"
31	```
32
33	### 常用参数
34	```bash
35	-i inventory # 指定 inventory
36	-m module # 指定模块
37	-a arguments # 模块参数
38	-b, --become # 提权
39	-K # 询问 sudo 密码
40	-u user # 指定用户
41	-k # 询问 SSH 密码
42	--limit host # 限制主机
43	-v, -vv, -vvv # 详细输出
44	--check # 检查模式（不执行）
45	--diff # 显示差异
46	```
47
48	## Inventory
49
50	### 静态 inventory
51	```ini
52	# inventory/hosts
53	[webservers]
54	web1.example.com
55	web2.example.com ansible_host=192.168.1.10
56
57	[dbservers]
58	db1.example.com ansible_user=admin
59	db2.example.com
60
61	[production:children]
62	webservers
63	dbservers
64
65	[all:vars]
66	ansible_python_interpreter=/usr/bin/python3
67	```
68
69	### YAML 格式
70	```yaml
71	# inventory/hosts.yml
72	all:
73	children:
74	webservers:
75	hosts:
76	web1.example.com:
77	web2.example.com:
78	ansible_host: 192.168.1.10
79	dbservers:
80	hosts:
81	db1.example.com:
82	ansible_user: admin
83	vars:
84	ansible_python_interpreter: /usr/bin/python3
85	```
86
87	### 动态 inventory
88	```bash
89	# 使用脚本
90	ansible-inventory -i inventory.py --list
91
92	# AWS EC2
93	ansible-inventory -i aws_ec2.yml --list
94
95	# 示例 aws_ec2.yml
96	plugin: amazon.aws.aws_ec2
97	regions:
98	- us-east-1
99	filters:
100	tag:Environment: production
101	keyed_groups:
102	- key: tags.Role
103	prefix: role
104	```
105
106	## Playbook
107
108	### 基础结构
109	```yaml
110	# playbook.yml
111	---
112	- name: Configure web servers
113	hosts: webservers
114	become: yes
115	vars:
116	http_port: 80
117
118	tasks:
119	- name: Install nginx
120	apt:
121	name: nginx
122	state: present
123	update_cache: yes
124
125	- name: Start nginx
126	service:
127	name: nginx
128	state: started
129	enabled: yes
130
131	- name: Copy config
132	template:
133	src: nginx.conf.j2
134	dest: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
135	notify: Restart nginx
136
137	handlers:
138	- name: Restart nginx
139	service:
140	name: nginx
141	state: restarted
142	```
143
144	### 执行 Playbook
145	```bash
146	# 执行
147	ansible-playbook playbook.yml
148
149	# 指定 inventory
150	ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts playbook.yml
151
152	# 限制主机
153	ansible-playbook playbook.yml --limit web1
154
155	# 检查模式
156	ansible-playbook playbook.yml --check --diff
157
158	# 指定标签
159	ansible-playbook playbook.yml --tags "install,config"
160	ansible-playbook playbook.yml --skip-tags "test"
161
162	# 传递变量
163	ansible-playbook playbook.yml -e "version=1.0"
164	ansible-playbook playbook.yml -e "@vars.yml"
165	```
166
167	### 条件与循环
168	```yaml
169	tasks:
170	# 条件
171	- name: Install on Debian
172	apt:
173	name: nginx
174	when: ansible_os_family == "Debian"
175
176	- name: Install on RedHat
177	yum:
178	name: nginx
179	when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
180
181	# 循环
182	- name: Install packages
183	apt:
184	name: "{{ item }}"
185	state: present
186	loop:
187	- nginx
188	- git
189	- curl
190
191	# 字典循环
192	- name: Create users
193	user:
194	name: "{{ item.name }}"
195	groups: "{{ item.groups }}"
196	loop:
197	- { name: 'user1', groups: 'admin' }
198	- { name: 'user2', groups: 'developers' }
199	```
200
201	### 变量与模板
202	```yaml
203	# vars/main.yml
204	http_port: 80
205	server_name: example.com
206	workers: 4
207
208	# templates/nginx.conf.j2
209	server {
210	listen {{ http_port }};
211	server_name {{ server_name }};
212
213	{% for upstream in upstreams %}
214	upstream {{ upstream.name }} {
215	{% for server in upstream.servers %}
216	server {{ server }};
217	{% endfor %}
218	}
219	{% endfor %}
220	}
221	```
222
223	## Roles
224
225	### 角色结构
226	```
227	roles/
228	└── nginx/
229	├── tasks/
230	│ └── main.yml
231	├── handlers/
232	│ └── main.yml
233	├── templates/
234	│ └── nginx.conf.j2
235	├── files/
236	├── vars/
237	│ └── main.yml
238	├── defaults/
239	│ └── main.yml
240	└── meta/
241	└── main.yml
242	```
243
244	### 创建角色
245	```bash
246	# 创建角色骨架
247	ansible-galaxy init roles/nginx
248	```
249
250	### 使用角色
251	```yaml
252	# playbook.yml
253	---
254	- hosts: webservers
255	become: yes
256	roles:
257	- nginx
258	- { role: app, tags: ['app'] }
259	- role: database
260	vars:
261	db_name: mydb
262	```
263
264	### Ansible Galaxy
265	```bash
266	# 安装角色
267	ansible-galaxy install geerlingguy.nginx
268	ansible-galaxy install -r requirements.yml
269
270	# requirements.yml
271	roles:
272	- name: geerlingguy.nginx
273	version: 3.1.0
274	- name: geerlingguy.mysql
275
276	collections:
277	- name: community.general
278	```
279
280	## 常见场景
281
282	### 场景 1：部署应用
283	```yaml
284	---
285	- name: Deploy application
286	hosts: appservers
287	become: yes
288	vars:
289	app_version: "1.0.0"
290
291	tasks:
292	- name: Pull code

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ansible

50installs12forks

View on GitHub

How to install ansible?

chaterm/terminal-skills/ansible

$npx -y skills add chaterm/terminal-skills --skill ansible

Installs into the current project.

Summary

Ansible 自动化运维

Files · 1

View on GitHub

SKILL.md

1	# Ansible 自动化运维
2
3	## 概述
4	Playbook 编写、角色管理、动态 inventory 等技能。
5
6	## 基础命令
7
8	### Ad-hoc 命令
9	```bash
10	# 测试连通性
11	ansible all -m ping
12	ansible webservers -m ping
13
14	# 执行命令
15	ansible all -m command -a "uptime"
16	ansible all -m shell -a "df -h \| grep /dev"
17
18	# 复制文件
19	ansible all -m copy -a "src=/local/file dest=/remote/file"
20
21	# 安装软件
22	ansible all -m apt -a "name=nginx state=present" --become
23	ansible all -m yum -a "name=nginx state=present" --become
24
25	# 管理服务
26	ansible all -m service -a "name=nginx state=started" --become
27
28	# 收集信息
29	ansible all -m setup
30	ansible all -m setup -a "filter=ansible_distribution*"
31	```
32
33	### 常用参数
34	```bash
35	-i inventory # 指定 inventory
36	-m module # 指定模块
37	-a arguments # 模块参数
38	-b, --become # 提权
39	-K # 询问 sudo 密码
40	-u user # 指定用户
41	-k # 询问 SSH 密码
42	--limit host # 限制主机
43	-v, -vv, -vvv # 详细输出
44	--check # 检查模式（不执行）
45	--diff # 显示差异
46	```
47
48	## Inventory
49
50	### 静态 inventory
51	```ini
52	# inventory/hosts
53	[webservers]
54	web1.example.com
55	web2.example.com ansible_host=192.168.1.10
56
57	[dbservers]
58	db1.example.com ansible_user=admin
59	db2.example.com
60
61	[production:children]
62	webservers
63	dbservers
64
65	[all:vars]
66	ansible_python_interpreter=/usr/bin/python3
67	```
68
69	### YAML 格式
70	```yaml
71	# inventory/hosts.yml
72	all:
73	children:
74	webservers:
75	hosts:
76	web1.example.com:
77	web2.example.com:
78	ansible_host: 192.168.1.10
79	dbservers:
80	hosts:
81	db1.example.com:
82	ansible_user: admin
83	vars:
84	ansible_python_interpreter: /usr/bin/python3
85	```
86
87	### 动态 inventory
88	```bash
89	# 使用脚本
90	ansible-inventory -i inventory.py --list
91
92	# AWS EC2
93	ansible-inventory -i aws_ec2.yml --list
94
95	# 示例 aws_ec2.yml
96	plugin: amazon.aws.aws_ec2
97	regions:
98	- us-east-1
99	filters:
100	tag:Environment: production
101	keyed_groups:
102	- key: tags.Role
103	prefix: role
104	```
105
106	## Playbook
107
108	### 基础结构
109	```yaml
110	# playbook.yml
111	---
112	- name: Configure web servers
113	hosts: webservers
114	become: yes
115	vars:
116	http_port: 80
117
118	tasks:
119	- name: Install nginx
120	apt:
121	name: nginx
122	state: present
123	update_cache: yes
124
125	- name: Start nginx
126	service:
127	name: nginx
128	state: started
129	enabled: yes
130
131	- name: Copy config
132	template:
133	src: nginx.conf.j2
134	dest: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
135	notify: Restart nginx
136
137	handlers:
138	- name: Restart nginx
139	service:
140	name: nginx
141	state: restarted
142	```
143
144	### 执行 Playbook
145	```bash
146	# 执行
147	ansible-playbook playbook.yml
148
149	# 指定 inventory
150	ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts playbook.yml
151
152	# 限制主机
153	ansible-playbook playbook.yml --limit web1
154
155	# 检查模式
156	ansible-playbook playbook.yml --check --diff
157
158	# 指定标签
159	ansible-playbook playbook.yml --tags "install,config"
160	ansible-playbook playbook.yml --skip-tags "test"
161
162	# 传递变量
163	ansible-playbook playbook.yml -e "version=1.0"
164	ansible-playbook playbook.yml -e "@vars.yml"
165	```
166
167	### 条件与循环
168	```yaml
169	tasks:
170	# 条件
171	- name: Install on Debian
172	apt:
173	name: nginx
174	when: ansible_os_family == "Debian"
175
176	- name: Install on RedHat
177	yum:
178	name: nginx
179	when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
180
181	# 循环
182	- name: Install packages
183	apt:
184	name: "{{ item }}"
185	state: present
186	loop:
187	- nginx
188	- git
189	- curl
190
191	# 字典循环
192	- name: Create users
193	user:
194	name: "{{ item.name }}"
195	groups: "{{ item.groups }}"
196	loop:
197	- { name: 'user1', groups: 'admin' }
198	- { name: 'user2', groups: 'developers' }
199	```
200
201	### 变量与模板
202	```yaml
203	# vars/main.yml
204	http_port: 80
205	server_name: example.com
206	workers: 4
207
208	# templates/nginx.conf.j2
209	server {
210	listen {{ http_port }};
211	server_name {{ server_name }};
212
213	{% for upstream in upstreams %}
214	upstream {{ upstream.name }} {
215	{% for server in upstream.servers %}
216	server {{ server }};
217	{% endfor %}
218	}
219	{% endfor %}
220	}
221	```
222
223	## Roles
224
225	### 角色结构
226	```
227	roles/
228	└── nginx/
229	├── tasks/
230	│ └── main.yml
231	├── handlers/
232	│ └── main.yml
233	├── templates/
234	│ └── nginx.conf.j2
235	├── files/
236	├── vars/
237	│ └── main.yml
238	├── defaults/
239	│ └── main.yml
240	└── meta/
241	└── main.yml
242	```
243
244	### 创建角色
245	```bash
246	# 创建角色骨架
247	ansible-galaxy init roles/nginx
248	```
249
250	### 使用角色
251	```yaml
252	# playbook.yml
253	---
254	- hosts: webservers
255	become: yes
256	roles:
257	- nginx
258	- { role: app, tags: ['app'] }
259	- role: database
260	vars:
261	db_name: mydb
262	```
263
264	### Ansible Galaxy
265	```bash
266	# 安装角色
267	ansible-galaxy install geerlingguy.nginx
268	ansible-galaxy install -r requirements.yml
269
270	# requirements.yml
271	roles:
272	- name: geerlingguy.nginx
273	version: 3.1.0
274	- name: geerlingguy.mysql
275
276	collections:
277	- name: community.general
278	```
279
280	## 常见场景
281
282	### 场景 1：部署应用
283	```yaml
284	---
285	- name: Deploy application
286	hosts: appservers
287	become: yes
288	vars:
289	app_version: "1.0.0"
290
291	tasks:
292	- name: Pull code

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6 picks

Type