terraform
installsforks
How to install terraform?
chaterm/terminal-skills/terraform
$npx -y skills add chaterm/terminal-skills --skill terraformTerraform 基础设施即代码
SKILL.md
| 1 | # Terraform 基础设施即代码 |
| 2 | |
| 3 | ## 概述 |
| 4 | HCL 编写、状态管理、模块开发等技能。 |
| 5 | |
| 6 | ## 基础命令 |
| 7 | |
| 8 | ```bash |
| 9 | # 初始化 |
| 10 | terraform init |
| 11 | terraform init -upgrade # 升级 provider |
| 12 | |
| 13 | # 格式化 |
| 14 | terraform fmt |
| 15 | terraform fmt -recursive |
| 16 | |
| 17 | # 验证 |
| 18 | terraform validate |
| 19 | |
| 20 | # 计划 |
| 21 | terraform plan |
| 22 | terraform plan -out=plan.tfplan |
| 23 | |
| 24 | # 应用 |
| 25 | terraform apply |
| 26 | terraform apply plan.tfplan |
| 27 | terraform apply -auto-approve |
| 28 | |
| 29 | # 销毁 |
| 30 | terraform destroy |
| 31 | terraform destroy -auto-approve |
| 32 | |
| 33 | # 查看状态 |
| 34 | terraform show |
| 35 | terraform state list |
| 36 | terraform state show resource_type.name |
| 37 | |
| 38 | # 输出 |
| 39 | terraform output |
| 40 | terraform output -json |
| 41 | ``` |
| 42 | |
| 43 | ## HCL 语法 |
| 44 | |
| 45 | ### Provider 配置 |
| 46 | ```hcl |
| 47 | # providers.tf |
| 48 | terraform { |
| 49 | required_version = ">= 1.0" |
| 50 | |
| 51 | required_providers { |
| 52 | aws = { |
| 53 | source = "hashicorp/aws" |
| 54 | version = "~> 5.0" |
| 55 | } |
| 56 | } |
| 57 | |
| 58 | backend "s3" { |
| 59 | bucket = "my-terraform-state" |
| 60 | key = "prod/terraform.tfstate" |
| 61 | region = "us-east-1" |
| 62 | } |
| 63 | } |
| 64 | |
| 65 | provider "aws" { |
| 66 | region = var.aws_region |
| 67 | |
| 68 | default_tags { |
| 69 | tags = { |
| 70 | Environment = var.environment |
| 71 | ManagedBy = "Terraform" |
| 72 | } |
| 73 | } |
| 74 | } |
| 75 | ``` |
| 76 | |
| 77 | ### 变量定义 |
| 78 | ```hcl |
| 79 | # variables.tf |
| 80 | variable "aws_region" { |
| 81 | description = "AWS region" |
| 82 | type = string |
| 83 | default = "us-east-1" |
| 84 | } |
| 85 | |
| 86 | variable "instance_type" { |
| 87 | description = "EC2 instance type" |
| 88 | type = string |
| 89 | default = "t3.micro" |
| 90 | } |
| 91 | |
| 92 | variable "environment" { |
| 93 | description = "Environment name" |
| 94 | type = string |
| 95 | |
| 96 | validation { |
| 97 | condition = contains(["dev", "staging", "prod"], var.environment) |
| 98 | error_message = "Environment must be dev, staging, or prod." |
| 99 | } |
| 100 | } |
| 101 | |
| 102 | variable "tags" { |
| 103 | description = "Resource tags" |
| 104 | type = map(string) |
| 105 | default = {} |
| 106 | } |
| 107 | |
| 108 | variable "subnets" { |
| 109 | description = "Subnet configuration" |
| 110 | type = list(object({ |
| 111 | cidr_block = string |
| 112 | az = string |
| 113 | })) |
| 114 | } |
| 115 | ``` |
| 116 | |
| 117 | ### 资源定义 |
| 118 | ```hcl |
| 119 | # main.tf |
| 120 | resource "aws_vpc" "main" { |
| 121 | cidr_block = "10.0.0.0/16" |
| 122 | enable_dns_hostnames = true |
| 123 | |
| 124 | tags = { |
| 125 | Name = "${var.environment}-vpc" |
| 126 | } |
| 127 | } |
| 128 | |
| 129 | resource "aws_subnet" "public" { |
| 130 | count = length(var.subnets) |
| 131 | vpc_id = aws_vpc.main.id |
| 132 | cidr_block = var.subnets[count.index].cidr_block |
| 133 | availability_zone = var.subnets[count.index].az |
| 134 | |
| 135 | tags = { |
| 136 | Name = "${var.environment}-public-${count.index + 1}" |
| 137 | } |
| 138 | } |
| 139 | |
| 140 | resource "aws_instance" "web" { |
| 141 | ami = data.aws_ami.ubuntu.id |
| 142 | instance_type = var.instance_type |
| 143 | subnet_id = aws_subnet.public[0].id |
| 144 | |
| 145 | tags = merge(var.tags, { |
| 146 | Name = "${var.environment}-web" |
| 147 | }) |
| 148 | } |
| 149 | ``` |
| 150 | |
| 151 | ### 数据源 |
| 152 | ```hcl |
| 153 | # data.tf |
| 154 | data "aws_ami" "ubuntu" { |
| 155 | most_recent = true |
| 156 | owners = ["099720109477"] # Canonical |
| 157 | |
| 158 | filter { |
| 159 | name = "name" |
| 160 | values = ["ubuntu/images/hvm-ssd/ubuntu-jammy-22.04-amd64-server-*"] |
| 161 | } |
| 162 | } |
| 163 | |
| 164 | data "aws_availability_zones" "available" { |
| 165 | state = "available" |
| 166 | } |
| 167 | ``` |
| 168 | |
| 169 | ### 输出 |
| 170 | ```hcl |
| 171 | # outputs.tf |
| 172 | output "vpc_id" { |
| 173 | description = "VPC ID" |
| 174 | value = aws_vpc.main.id |
| 175 | } |
| 176 | |
| 177 | output "instance_public_ip" { |
| 178 | description = "Public IP of web instance" |
| 179 | value = aws_instance.web.public_ip |
| 180 | } |
| 181 | |
| 182 | output "subnet_ids" { |
| 183 | description = "Subnet IDs" |
| 184 | value = aws_subnet.public[*].id |
| 185 | } |
| 186 | ``` |
| 187 | |
| 188 | ## 状态管理 |
| 189 | |
| 190 | ### 状态命令 |
| 191 | ```bash |
| 192 | # 列出资源 |
| 193 | terraform state list |
| 194 | |
| 195 | # 查看资源 |
| 196 | terraform state show aws_instance.web |
| 197 | |
| 198 | # 移动资源 |
| 199 | terraform state mv aws_instance.web aws_instance.app |
| 200 | |
| 201 | # 删除资源（从状态中） |
| 202 | terraform state rm aws_instance.web |
| 203 | |
| 204 | # 导入现有资源 |
| 205 | terraform import aws_instance.web i-1234567890abcdef0 |
| 206 | |
| 207 | # 拉取远程状态 |
| 208 | terraform state pull > state.json |
| 209 | |
| 210 | # 推送状态 |
| 211 | terraform state push state.json |
| 212 | ``` |
| 213 | |
| 214 | ### 远程后端 |
| 215 | ```hcl |
| 216 | # S3 后端 |
| 217 | terraform { |
| 218 | backend "s3" { |
| 219 | bucket = "my-terraform-state" |
| 220 | key = "prod/terraform.tfstate" |
| 221 | region = "us-east-1" |
| 222 | encrypt = true |
| 223 | dynamodb_table = "terraform-locks" |
| 224 | } |
| 225 | } |
| 226 | |
| 227 | # 初始化后端 |
| 228 | terraform init -backend-config="bucket=my-bucket" |
| 229 | ``` |
| 230 | |
| 231 | ## 模块 |
| 232 | |
| 233 | ### 模块结构 |
| 234 | ``` |
| 235 | modules/ |
| 236 | └── vpc/ |
| 237 | ├── main.tf |
| 238 | ├── variables.tf |
| 239 | ├── outputs.tf |
| 240 | └── README.md |
| 241 | ``` |
| 242 | |
| 243 | ### 模块定义 |
| 244 | ```hcl |
| 245 | # modules/vpc/main.tf |
| 246 | resource "aws_vpc" "this" { |
| 247 | cidr_block = var.cidr_block |
| 248 | enable_dns_hostnames = var.enable_dns_hostnames |
| 249 | |
| 250 | tags = merge(var.tags, { |
| 251 | Name = var.name |
| 252 | }) |
| 253 | } |
| 254 | |
| 255 | # modules/vpc/variables.tf |
| 256 | variable "name" { |
| 257 | type = string |
| 258 | } |
| 259 | |
| 260 | variable "cidr_block" { |
| 261 | type = string |
| 262 | } |
| 263 | |
| 264 | variable "enable_dns_hostnames" { |
| 265 | type = bool |
| 266 | default = true |
| 267 | } |
| 268 | |
| 269 | variable "tags" { |
| 270 | type = map(string) |
| 271 | default = {} |
| 272 | } |
| 273 | |
| 274 | # modules/vpc/outputs.tf |
| 275 | output "vpc_id" { |
| 276 | value = aws_vpc.this.id |
| 277 | } |
| 278 | ``` |
| 279 | |
| 280 | ### 使用模块 |
| 281 | ```hcl |
| 282 | # 本地模块 |
| 283 | module "vpc" { |
| 284 | source = "./modules/vpc" |
| 285 | |
| 286 | name = "my-vpc" |
| 287 | cidr_block = "10.0.0.0/16" |
| 288 | tags = var.tags |
| 289 | } |
| 290 | |
| 291 | # 远程模块 |
| 292 | module "vpc" { |
| 293 | source = "terraform-aws-modules/vpc/aws" |
| 294 | version = "5.0.0" |
| 295 | |
| 296 | name = "my-vpc" |
| 297 | cidr = "10.0.0.0/16" |
| 298 | } |
| 299 | |
| 300 | # 引用模块输出 |
| 301 | resource "aws_subnet" "public" { |
| 302 | vpc_id = module.vpc.vpc_id |
| 303 | # ... |
| 304 | } |
| 305 | ``` |
| 306 | |
| 307 | ## 工作区 |
| 308 | |
| 309 | ```bash |
| 310 | # 列出工作区 |
| 311 | terraform workspace list |
| 312 | |
| 313 | # 创建工作区 |
| 314 | terraform workspace |
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