$npx -y skills add dpearson2699/swift-ios-skills --skill ios-accessibilityBuild and audit SwiftUI, UIKit, and AppKit accessibility for VoiceOver, Voice Control, Switch Control, Full Keyboard Access, Dynamic Type, focus restoration, labels/traits/actions, traversal, custom rotors, NSAccessibility, XCTest checks, adaptive system preferences, and App Stor
| 1 | # iOS/macOS Accessibility - SwiftUI, UIKit, and AppKit |
| 2 | |
| 3 | Build SwiftUI, UIKit, and AppKit interfaces that remain operable with VoiceOver, Switch Control, Voice Control, Full Keyboard Access, and adaptive accessibility settings. |
| 4 | |
| 5 | ## Contents |
| 6 | |
| 7 | - [Core Principles](#core-principles) |
| 8 | - [How VoiceOver Reads Elements](#how-voiceover-reads-elements) |
| 9 | - [SwiftUI Accessibility Modifiers](#swiftui-accessibility-modifiers) |
| 10 | - [Focus Management](#focus-management) |
| 11 | - [Dynamic Type](#dynamic-type) |
| 12 | - [Custom Rotors](#custom-rotors) |
| 13 | - [System Accessibility Preferences](#system-accessibility-preferences) |
| 14 | - [Decorative Content](#decorative-content) |
| 15 | - [Voice Control](#voice-control) |
| 16 | - [Switch Control](#switch-control) |
| 17 | - [Full Keyboard Access](#full-keyboard-access) |
| 18 | - [Assistive Access (iOS 18+)](#assistive-access-ios-18) |
| 19 | - [UIKit Accessibility Patterns](#uikit-accessibility-patterns) |
| 20 | - [AppKit Accessibility Patterns](#appkit-accessibility-patterns) |
| 21 | - [Accessibility Custom Content](#accessibility-custom-content) |
| 22 | - [App Store Accessibility Nutrition Labels](#app-store-accessibility-nutrition-labels) |
| 23 | - [Testing Accessibility](#testing-accessibility) |
| 24 | - [Common Mistakes](#common-mistakes) |
| 25 | - [Review Checklist](#review-checklist) |
| 26 | - [References](#references) |
| 27 | |
| 28 | --- |
| 29 | |
| 30 | ## Core Principles |
| 31 | |
| 32 | 1. Prefer semantic system controls; custom controls must expose the same name, |
| 33 | role, value, state, and actions. |
| 34 | 2. Preserve every task across assistive input: do not make a gesture, color, |
| 35 | motion, hover state, or visual arrangement the only path to meaning or action. |
| 36 | 3. Keep focus and traversal intentional across navigation, presentation, updates, |
| 37 | and dismissal. |
| 38 | 4. Let text, layout, contrast, transparency, and motion adapt to the user's |
| 39 | accessibility settings. |
| 40 | 5. Treat App Store accessibility declarations as evidence-backed product claims, |
| 41 | not as a summary of isolated control-level support. |
| 42 | |
| 43 | ## How VoiceOver Reads Elements |
| 44 | |
| 45 | VoiceOver reads element properties in a fixed, non-configurable order: |
| 46 | |
| 47 | **Label -> Value -> Trait -> Hint** |
| 48 | |
| 49 | Design your labels, values, and hints with this reading order in mind. |
| 50 | |
| 51 | ## SwiftUI Accessibility Modifiers |
| 52 | |
| 53 | See [references/a11y-patterns.md](references/a11y-patterns.md) for detailed SwiftUI modifier examples (labels, hints, traits, grouping, custom controls, adjustable actions, and custom actions). |
| 54 | |
| 55 | ## Focus Management |
| 56 | |
| 57 | Focus management is where most apps fail. When a sheet, alert, or popover is dismissed, VoiceOver focus MUST return to the element that triggered it. |
| 58 | |
| 59 | This section is about accessibility focus for assistive technologies. For keyboard focus, directional focus, `focusSection()`, scene-focused values, and `UIFocusGuide`, use the `focus-engine` skill. |
| 60 | |
| 61 | Audit element order and grouping in [Traversal Order](#traversal-order); route keyboard-focus mechanics to `focus-engine`. |
| 62 | |
| 63 | ### `@AccessibilityFocusState` (iOS 15+) |
| 64 | |
| 65 | `@AccessibilityFocusState` is a property wrapper that reads and writes the current accessibility focus. It works with `Bool` for single-target focus or an optional `Hashable` enum for multi-target focus. |
| 66 | |
| 67 | ```swift |
| 68 | struct ContentView: View { |
| 69 | @State private var showSheet = false |
| 70 | @AccessibilityFocusState private var focusOnTrigger: Bool |
| 71 | |
| 72 | var body: some View { |
| 73 | Button("Open Settings") { showSheet = true } |
| 74 | .accessibilityFocused($focusOnTrigger) |
| 75 | .sheet(isPresented: $showSheet) { |
| 76 | SettingsSheet() |
| 77 | .onDisappear { |
| 78 | // Slight delay allows the transition to complete before moving focus |
| 79 | Task { @MainActor in |
| 80 | try? await Task.sleep(for: .milliseconds(100)) |
| 81 | focusOnTrigger = true |
| 82 | } |
| 83 | } |
| 84 | } |
| 85 | } |
| 86 | } |
| 87 | ``` |
| 88 | |
| 89 | ### Multi-Target Focus with Enum |
| 90 | |
| 91 | ```swift |
| 92 | enum A11yFocus: Hashable { |
| 93 | case nameField |
| 94 | case emailField |
| 95 | case submitButton |
| 96 | } |
| 97 | |
| 98 | struct FormView: View { |
| 99 | @AccessibilityFocusState private var focus: A11yFocus? |
| 100 | |
| 101 | var body: some View { |
| 102 | Form { |
| 103 | TextField("Name", text: $name) |
| 104 | .accessibilityFocused($focus, equals: .nameField) |
| 105 | TextField("Email", text: $email) |
| 106 | .accessibilityFocused($focus, equals: .emailField) |
| 107 | Button("Submit") { validate() } |
| 108 | .accessibilityFocused($focus, equals: .submitButton) |
| 109 | } |
| 110 | } |
| 111 | |
| 112 | func validate() { |
| 113 | if name.isEmpty { |
| 114 | focus = |