$npx -y skills add ehmo/platform-design-skills --skill ipadosApple Human Interface Guidelines for iPad. Use when building iPad-optimized interfaces, implementing multitasking, pointer support, keyboard shortcuts, or responsive layouts. Triggers on tasks involving iPad, Split View, Stage Manager, sidebar navigation, or trackpad support.
| 1 | # iPadOS Design Guidelines |
| 2 | |
| 3 | Comprehensive rules for building iPad-native apps following Apple's Human Interface Guidelines. iPad is not a big iPhone -- it demands adaptive layouts, multitasking support, pointer interactions, keyboard shortcuts, and inter-app drag and drop. These rules extend iOS patterns for the larger, more capable canvas. |
| 4 | |
| 5 | --- |
| 6 | |
| 7 | ## 1. Responsive Layout (CRITICAL) |
| 8 | |
| 9 | ### 1.1 Use Adaptive Size Classes |
| 10 | |
| 11 | iPad presents two horizontal size classes: **regular** (full screen, large splits) and **compact** (Slide Over, narrow splits). Design for both. Never hardcode dimensions. |
| 12 | |
| 13 | ```swift |
| 14 | struct AdaptiveView: View { |
| 15 | @Environment(\.horizontalSizeClass) var sizeClass |
| 16 | |
| 17 | var body: some View { |
| 18 | if sizeClass == .regular { |
| 19 | TwoColumnLayout() |
| 20 | } else { |
| 21 | StackedLayout() |
| 22 | } |
| 23 | } |
| 24 | } |
| 25 | ``` |
| 26 | |
| 27 | ### 1.2 Don't Scale Up iPhone UI |
| 28 | |
| 29 | iPad layouts must be purpose-built. Stretching an iPhone layout across a 13" display wastes space and feels wrong. Use multi-column layouts, master-detail patterns, and increased information density in regular width. |
| 30 | |
| 31 | ### 1.3 Support All iPad Screen Sizes |
| 32 | |
| 33 | Design for the full range: iPad Mini (8.3"), iPad (11"), iPad Air (11"/13"), and iPad Pro (11"/13"). Use flexible layouts that redistribute content rather than simply scaling. |
| 34 | |
| 35 | ### 1.4 Column-Based Layouts for Regular Width |
| 36 | |
| 37 | In regular width, organize content into columns. Two-column is the most common (sidebar + detail). Three-column works for deep hierarchies (sidebar + list + detail). Avoid single-column full-width layouts on large screens. |
| 38 | |
| 39 | ```swift |
| 40 | struct ThreeColumnLayout: View { |
| 41 | var body: some View { |
| 42 | NavigationSplitView { |
| 43 | SidebarView() |
| 44 | } content: { |
| 45 | ContentListView() |
| 46 | } detail: { |
| 47 | DetailView() |
| 48 | } |
| 49 | } |
| 50 | } |
| 51 | ``` |
| 52 | |
| 53 | ### 1.5 Respect Safe Areas |
| 54 | |
| 55 | iPad safe areas differ from iPhone. Older iPads have no home indicator. iPads in landscape have different insets than portrait. Always use `safeAreaInset` and never hardcode padding for notches or indicators. |
| 56 | |
| 57 | ### 1.6 Support Both Orientations |
| 58 | |
| 59 | iPad apps must work well in both portrait and landscape. Landscape is the dominant orientation for productivity. Portrait is common for reading. Adapt column counts and layout density to orientation. |
| 60 | |
| 61 | --- |
| 62 | |
| 63 | ## 2. Multitasking (CRITICAL) |
| 64 | |
| 65 | ### 2.1 Support Split View |
| 66 | |
| 67 | Your app must function correctly at 1/3, 1/2, and 2/3 screen widths in Split View. At 1/3 width, your app receives compact horizontal size class. Content must remain usable at every split ratio. |
| 68 | |
| 69 | ### 2.2 Support Slide Over |
| 70 | |
| 71 | Slide Over presents your app as a compact-width overlay on the right edge. It behaves like an iPhone-width app. Ensure all functionality remains accessible in this narrow mode. |
| 72 | |
| 73 | ### 2.3 Handle Stage Manager |
| 74 | |
| 75 | Stage Manager allows freely resizable windows and multiple windows simultaneously. Your app must: |
| 76 | - Resize fluidly to arbitrary dimensions |
| 77 | - Support multiple scenes (windows) showing different content |
| 78 | - Not assume any fixed size or aspect ratio |
| 79 | |
| 80 | ```swift |
| 81 | @main |
| 82 | struct MyApp: App { |
| 83 | var body: some Scene { |
| 84 | WindowGroup { |
| 85 | ContentView() |
| 86 | } |
| 87 | // Support multiple windows |
| 88 | WindowGroup("Detail", for: Item.ID.self) { $itemId in |
| 89 | DetailView(itemId: itemId) |
| 90 | } |
| 91 | } |
| 92 | } |
| 93 | ``` |
| 94 | |
| 95 | ### 2.4 Never Assume Full Screen |
| 96 | |
| 97 | The app may launch directly into Split View or Stage Manager. Do not depend on full-screen dimensions during setup, onboarding, or any flow. Test your app at every possible size. |
| 98 | |
| 99 | ### 2.5 Handle Size Transitions Gracefully |
| 100 | |
| 101 | When the user resizes via multitasking, animate layout changes smoothly. Preserve scroll position, selection state, and user context across size transitions. Never reload content on resize. |
| 102 | |
| 103 | ### 2.6 Support Multiple Scenes |
| 104 | |
| 105 | Use `UIScene` / SwiftUI `WindowGroup` to let users open multiple instances of your app showing different content. Each scene is independent. Support `NSUserActivity` for state restoration. |
| 106 | |
| 107 | --- |
| 108 | |
| 109 | ## 3. Navigation (CRITICAL) |
| 110 | |
| 111 | ### 3.1 Sidebar for Primary Navigation |
| 112 | |
| 113 | In regular width, replace the iPhone tab bar with a sidebar. The sidebar provides more room for navigation items, supports sections, and feels native on iPad. |
| 114 | |
| 115 | ```swift |
| 116 | struct AppNavigation: View { |
| 117 | @State private var selection: NavigationItem? = .inbox |
| 118 | |
| 119 | var body: some View { |
| 120 | NavigationSplitView { |
| 121 | List(selection: $selection) { |
| 122 | Section("Main") { |
| 123 | Label("Inbox", systemImage: "tray") |
| 124 | .tag(NavigationItem.inbox) |
| 125 | Label("Dr |