$npx -y skills add jamditis/claude-skills-journalism --skill academic-writingAcademic writing, research methodology, and scholarly communication workflows. Use when writing papers, literature reviews, grant proposals, conducting research, managing citations, preparing for peer review, choosing OA routes under Plan S / 2026 OSTP Nelson Memo, posting prepri
| 1 | # Academic writing and research methodology |
| 2 | |
| 3 | Systematic approaches for scholarly writing, research design, and academic communication. |
| 4 | |
| 5 | ## Research design fundamentals |
| 6 | |
| 7 | ### Research question development |
| 8 | |
| 9 | ```markdown |
| 10 | ## Crafting a research question |
| 11 | |
| 12 | ### The FINER criteria |
| 13 | - **F**easible: Can you actually do this research? |
| 14 | - **I**nteresting: Does it matter to the field? |
| 15 | - **N**ovel: Does it add new knowledge? |
| 16 | - **E**thical: Can it be done ethically? |
| 17 | - **R**elevant: Does it address a real problem? |
| 18 | |
| 19 | ### Question types |
| 20 | | Type | Purpose | Example | |
| 21 | |------|---------|---------| |
| 22 | | Descriptive | Document phenomena | "What are the characteristics of X?" | |
| 23 | | Comparative | Compare groups/conditions | "How does X differ between groups?" | |
| 24 | | Correlational | Examine relationships | "Is there a relationship between X and Y?" | |
| 25 | | Causal | Establish causation | "Does X cause Y?" | |
| 26 | | Exploratory | Generate hypotheses | "What factors might explain X?" | |
| 27 | |
| 28 | ### Refining your question |
| 29 | Start broad → Narrow progressively |
| 30 | |
| 31 | Draft 1: "How does social media affect politics?" |
| 32 | Draft 2: "How does Twitter use affect political polarization?" |
| 33 | Draft 3: "How does exposure to partisan Twitter accounts affect |
| 34 | political attitude polarization among US adults?" |
| 35 | Draft 4: "Does increased exposure to ideologically homogeneous Twitter |
| 36 | feeds increase affective polarization among politically |
| 37 | engaged US adults aged 18-35?" |
| 38 | ``` |
| 39 | |
| 40 | ### Literature review strategy |
| 41 | |
| 42 | ```markdown |
| 43 | ## Systematic literature search |
| 44 | |
| 45 | ### Database selection by field |
| 46 | - **Multidisciplinary**: Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar |
| 47 | - **Social Sciences**: JSTOR, ProQuest, SSRN |
| 48 | - **Communication**: Communication Abstracts, ComAbstracts |
| 49 | - **Health**: PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL |
| 50 | - **Education**: ERIC |
| 51 | - **Business**: Business Source Complete |
| 52 | |
| 53 | ### Search strategy template |
| 54 | 1. **Identify key concepts** from research question |
| 55 | 2. **Generate synonyms** for each concept |
| 56 | 3. **Combine with Boolean operators** |
| 57 | |
| 58 | Example for: "social media political polarization" |
| 59 | |
| 60 | Concept 1: social media |
| 61 | - OR: Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, "social networking sites", |
| 62 | "online platforms", "digital media" |
| 63 | |
| 64 | Concept 2: political |
| 65 | - OR: partisan, ideological, electoral, civic |
| 66 | |
| 67 | Concept 3: polarization |
| 68 | - OR: division, extremism, "attitude change", radicalization |
| 69 | |
| 70 | Combined search: |
| 71 | (Twitter OR Facebook OR "social media" OR "social networking") |
| 72 | AND (political OR partisan OR ideological) |
| 73 | AND (polarization OR division OR extremism) |
| 74 | |
| 75 | ### Inclusion/exclusion criteria |
| 76 | Document your criteria: |
| 77 | - Publication date range: [X to present] |
| 78 | - Languages: [English only / multiple] |
| 79 | - Publication types: [Peer-reviewed only / include preprints] |
| 80 | - Geographic scope: [Global / specific countries] |
| 81 | - Methodologies: [All / specific approaches] |
| 82 | |
| 83 | ### Managing your search |
| 84 | - Save searches to re-run later |
| 85 | - Export results to reference manager |
| 86 | - Track number of results at each stage |
| 87 | - Document date of each search |
| 88 | ``` |
| 89 | |
| 90 | ### Citation management |
| 91 | |
| 92 | ```python |
| 93 | # Zotero/reference manager integration patterns |
| 94 | |
| 95 | # For automated citation workflows |
| 96 | CITATION_STYLES = { |
| 97 | 'apa7': 'American Psychological Association 7th edition', |
| 98 | 'mla9': 'Modern Language Association 9th edition', |
| 99 | 'chicago': 'Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition', |
| 100 | 'harvard': 'Harvard Reference format', |
| 101 | 'ieee': 'IEEE', |
| 102 | 'vancouver': 'Vancouver (medicine)', |
| 103 | } |
| 104 | |
| 105 | # BibTeX entry template |
| 106 | BIBTEX_ARTICLE = """ |
| 107 | @article{{{citekey}, |
| 108 | author = {{{author}}}, |
| 109 | title = {{{title}}}, |
| 110 | journal = {{{journal}}}, |
| 111 | year = {{{year}}}, |
| 112 | volume = {{{volume}}}, |
| 113 | number = {{{number}}}, |
| 114 | pages = {{{pages}}}, |
| 115 | doi = {{{doi}}} |
| 116 | }} |
| 117 | """ |
| 118 | |
| 119 | # Common citation patterns by context |
| 120 | CITATION_CONTEXTS = { |
| 121 | 'introducing_concept': "According to Author (Year), ...", |
| 122 | 'supporting_claim': "Research has shown that X (Author, Year; Author, Year).", |
| 123 | 'contrasting': "While Author (Year) argues X, Author (Year) contends Y.", |
| 124 | 'methodology_reference': "Following the method developed by Author (Year), ...", |
| 125 | 'direct_quote': 'Author (Year) states that "exact quote" (p. X).', |
| 126 | } |
| 127 | ``` |
| 128 | |
| 129 | ## Paper structure and writing |
| 130 | |
| 131 | ### IMRaD structure (scientific papers) |
| 132 | |
| 133 | ```markdown |
| 134 | ## Standard research paper sections |
| 135 | |
| 136 | ### Abstract (150-300 words typically) |
| 137 | - Background (1-2 sentences) |
| 138 | - Purpose/objective (1 sentence) |
| 139 | - Methods (2-3 sentences) |
| 140 | - Results (2-3 sentences) |
| 141 | - Conclusions (1-2 sentences) |
| 142 | |
| 143 | ### Introduction |
| 144 | ** |