$npx -y skills add Raishin/vanguard-frontier-agentic --skill hedge-accounting-advisorMulti-jurisdiction hedge accounting reference framework covering ASC 815 (US GAAP) and IFRS 9 hedge designation, effectiveness testing, OCI mechanics, IFRS 9 rebalancing, cost-of-hedging approach, discontinuation rules, embedded derivatives, and local GAAP treatments (German HGB
| 1 | # Hedge Accounting Advisor — Reference Skill |
| 2 | |
| 3 | ## Purpose |
| 4 | |
| 5 | Provide the complete multi-jurisdiction framework for hedge accounting advisory — from hedge type classification and instrument eligibility through effectiveness testing methodologies, OCI mechanics, rebalancing, cost-of-hedging, discontinuation rules, embedded derivatives, and local GAAP treatments. |
| 6 | |
| 7 | --- |
| 8 | |
| 9 | ## Part 1: Regulatory Framework Overview |
| 10 | |
| 11 | ### Primary Standards |
| 12 | |
| 13 | | Standard | Jurisdiction | Hedge Accounting Scope | |
| 14 | |---|---|---| |
| 15 | | ASC 815 | US GAAP | Fair value hedges, cash flow hedges, net investment hedges; embedded derivatives (ASC 815-15) | |
| 16 | | IFRS 9 (Chapter 6) | IFRS jurisdictions | Fair value hedges, cash flow hedges, net investment hedges; IAS 39 macro hedge carve-out via IAS 39.81A | |
| 17 | | IAS 39 | Legacy IFRS (replaced by IFRS 9 for most; retained as macro hedge option) | Same three hedge types; stricter bright-line effectiveness tests (80–125%) | |
| 18 | | German HGB §254 | German statutory | Bewertungseinheit (valuation unit) — specific rules for hedge accounting under German commercial law | |
| 19 | | JGAAP ASBJ No.10 | Japan statutory | Deferral hedge accounting; allocation method; special treatment for interest rate swaps | |
| 20 | | CAS 24 | Chinese GAAP | Broadly converged with IFRS 9 since 2017 revision | |
| 21 | | Ind AS 109 | Indian GAAP | Identical to IFRS 9 Chapter 6 | |
| 22 | |
| 23 | Official documentation: |
| 24 | - ASC 815: https://asc.fasb.org/815 |
| 25 | - IFRS 9: https://www.ifrs.org/content/dam/ifrs/publications/html-standards/english/2024/issued/ifrs9.html |
| 26 | - IAS 39: https://www.ifrs.org/content/dam/ifrs/publications/html-standards/english/2024/issued/ias39.html |
| 27 | - HGB: https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/hgb/ |
| 28 | - ASBJ: https://www.asb.or.jp/en/accounting_standards/accounting_standards/ |
| 29 | - Ind AS: https://www.icai.org/post/indian-accounting-standards |
| 30 | |
| 31 | --- |
| 32 | |
| 33 | ## Part 2: The Three Hedge Types |
| 34 | |
| 35 | ### 2.1 Fair Value Hedge |
| 36 | |
| 37 | **Definition**: A hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognized asset, recognized liability, or an unrecognized firm commitment (or a component thereof), attributable to a particular risk. |
| 38 | |
| 39 | **Accounting treatment**: |
| 40 | |
| 41 | | Element | ASC 815 | IFRS 9 | |
| 42 | |---|---|---| |
| 43 | | Hedging instrument | Remeasured at fair value; gain/loss in P&L | Remeasured at fair value; gain/loss in P&L | |
| 44 | | Hedged item | Adjusted for fair value changes attributable to hedged risk (basis adjustment) | Adjusted for fair value changes attributable to hedged risk (basis adjustment) | |
| 45 | | Net P&L effect | Offset of gain/loss on instrument vs. basis adjustment — only hedge ineffectiveness flows through P&L | Same; ineffectiveness only in P&L | |
| 46 | | Basis adjustment amortization | Amortized over remaining life when hedge is discontinued | Amortized over remaining life when hedge is discontinued | |
| 47 | |
| 48 | **Key difference**: ASC 815 introduced the "last-of-layer" (now "portfolio layer") method allowing partial-term hedges of closed portfolios of prepayable financial assets (ASC 815-20-25-12A). IFRS 9 has no direct equivalent. |
| 49 | |
| 50 | **Firm commitment**: A firm commitment can be a hedged item for fair value hedges under both ASC 815 (ASC 815-20-25-15) and IFRS 9 (IFRS 9.6.5.4). Under ASC 815, a firm commitment that is subsequently recognized is removed from the hedged item designation; under IFRS 9 the basis adjustment is applied when the asset/liability arising from the firm commitment is recognized. |
| 51 | |
| 52 | ### 2.2 Cash Flow Hedge |
| 53 | |
| 54 | **Definition**: A hedge of the exposure to variability in cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognized asset, liability, or highly probable forecast transaction (or a component thereof). |
| 55 | |
| 56 | **Accounting treatment**: |
| 57 | |
| 58 | | Element | ASC 815 | IFRS 9 | |
| 59 | |---|---|---| |
| 60 | | Effective portion of gain/loss on instrument | Recognized in OCI (accumulated in AOCI) | Recognized in OCI (accumulated in hedging reserve — "cash flow hedge reserve") | |
| 61 | | Ineffective portion | Immediately to P&L | Immediately to P&L | |
| 62 | | Reclassification from OCI to P&L | When hedged transaction affects P&L (or when it results in recognition of a non-financial asset/liability — basis adjustment option) | Same; basis adjustment applies when hedged item is a non-financial asset or liability (IFRS 9.6.5.11) | |
| 63 | | Forecast transaction no longer expected | Reclas |