$npx -y skills add Raishin/vanguard-frontier-agentic --skill indirect-tax-einvoicing-advisorMulti-jurisdiction indirect tax and e-invoicing reference framework covering VAT/GST compliance and mandatory electronic invoicing mandates across EU, Brazil, India, Mexico, China, UK, and Australia.
| 1 | # Indirect Tax & E-Invoicing Advisor — Reference Skill |
| 2 | |
| 3 | ## Purpose |
| 4 | |
| 5 | Provide the complete multi-jurisdiction framework for indirect tax (VAT/GST) compliance and mandatory electronic invoicing advisory — from mandate status and technical format requirements through VAT treatment analysis, cross-border supply rules, and common compliance gap patterns. |
| 6 | |
| 7 | --- |
| 8 | |
| 9 | ## Part 1: EU VAT Framework and ViDA Reform |
| 10 | |
| 11 | ### EU VAT Directive 2006/112/EC — Core Structure |
| 12 | |
| 13 | The EU VAT Directive (Council Directive 2006/112/EC) is the foundational legal instrument governing VAT across all 27 EU member states. |
| 14 | |
| 15 | **Key structural elements:** |
| 16 | - **Taxable persons** (Art. 9): Any person carrying out economic activity independently |
| 17 | - **Taxable transactions** (Art. 2): Supply of goods, supply of services, intra-community acquisition, import |
| 18 | - **Place of supply — goods** (Art. 31–39): Generally where goods located at time of supply; special rules for dispatched/transported goods |
| 19 | - **Place of supply — services** (Art. 43–59b): B2B general rule — where customer established (reverse charge); B2C general rule — where supplier established; special rules for land, events, transport, digital services |
| 20 | - **VAT rates** (Art. 96–106): Standard rate ≥ 15%; reduced rates ≥ 5% for listed categories; zero rates permitted in specific cases |
| 21 | - **Invoice requirements** (Art. 226): 15 mandatory fields including date, sequential number, supplier/customer VAT number, description, amount, VAT rate, VAT amount |
| 22 | - **Reverse charge** (Art. 194–199b): Recipient accounts for VAT instead of supplier; mandatory for cross-border B2B services and optional for domestic supplies in certain sectors |
| 23 | |
| 24 | ### ViDA — VAT in the Digital Age (Adopted March 2025) |
| 25 | |
| 26 | ViDA (Council Directive amending Directive 2006/112/EC) was adopted by the EU Council in March 2025 and introduces three pillars: |
| 27 | |
| 28 | **Pillar 1 — Digital Reporting Requirements (DRR) and e-Invoicing:** |
| 29 | |
| 30 | | Timeline | Requirement | |
| 31 | |---|---| |
| 32 | | 2024 (member state option) | Member states may introduce domestic mandatory e-invoicing without EU derogation | |
| 33 | | 2028 | Intra-EU B2B transactions: structured e-invoice mandatory (EN 16931 compliant) | |
| 34 | | 2030 | Mandatory real-time digital reporting of intra-EU B2B transaction data to EU central system | |
| 35 | | 2030 | Domestic B2B e-invoicing harmonization with DRR standard | |
| 36 | |
| 37 | **E-invoice standard**: EN 16931 (European Standard on electronic invoicing) — defines semantic data model; syntax bindings include UBL 2.1 and UN/CEFACT CII. |
| 38 | |
| 39 | **Pillar 2 — Platform Economy:** |
| 40 | - Digital platforms (accommodation, transport) become deemed supplier for VAT purposes from 2030 |
| 41 | - VAT collected by platform on services facilitated to non-VAT-registered suppliers |
| 42 | |
| 43 | **Pillar 3 — Single VAT Registration:** |
| 44 | - Extension of OSS/IOSS to cover B2B goods transfers |
| 45 | - Removal of need for multiple VAT registrations across EU |
| 46 | |
| 47 | ### OSS and IOSS |
| 48 | |
| 49 | | Scheme | Scope | Registration | VAT Remittance | |
| 50 | |---|---|---|---| |
| 51 | | **OSS (One Stop Shop)** | Cross-border B2C services and distance sales of goods within EU; threshold €10,000 | Single member state of establishment | Quarterly via OSS portal of registration member state | |
| 52 | | **IOSS (Import One Stop Shop)** | Distance sales of goods imported from third countries, value ≤ €150 | Single EU member state or via intermediary | Monthly via IOSS portal | |
| 53 | |
| 54 | ### Country-Level E-Invoicing Mandates |
| 55 | |
| 56 | #### Italy — SDI (Sistema di Interscambio) |
| 57 | |
| 58 | **Status**: Live since 1 January 2019 — the first EU member state to introduce mandatory B2B e-invoicing. |
| 59 | |
| 60 | | Scope | Requirement | |
| 61 | |---|---| |
| 62 | | B2B and B2C domestic supplies | Mandatory XML e-invoice via SDI hub since Jan 2019 | |
| 63 | | Cross-border supplies | FatturaPA in XML format required since Jan 2022 | |
| 64 | | Format | FatturaPA XML (Agenzia delle Entrate specification) | |
| 65 | | Model | **Clearance model**: invoices transmitted through SDI before or at time of delivery | |
| 66 | | Validation | SDI performs technical and tax number validation; rejected invoices are not legally issued | |
| 67 | | Archiving | 10-year electronic archiving obligation | |
| 68 | | Cancellation | File a nota di credito (credit note) — no direct cancellation mechanism post-SDI acceptance | |
| 69 | |
| 70 | Source: Italian Legislative Decree 127/2015 as amended by DL 119/2018; Agenzia delle Entrate — https://www.agenziaentrate.gov.it/portale/web/english/nse/businesses/vat-in-italy |
| 71 | |
| 72 | #### France — B2B E-Invoicing Mandate |
| 73 | |
| 74 | **Status**: Phased rollout 2024–2026 (delayed from original 2023 target). |
| 75 | |
| 76 | | Phase | Date | Scope | |
| 77 | |---|---|---| |
| 78 | | Receive obligation | 1 September 2026 | All VAT-registered businesses must be able to re |