$npx -y skills add wshobson/agents --skill kpi-dashboard-designDesign effective KPI dashboards with metrics selection, visualization best practices, and real-time monitoring patterns. Use this skill when building an executive SaaS metrics dashboard tracking MRR, churn, and LTV/CAC ratios; designing an operations center with live service heal
| 1 | # KPI Dashboard Design |
| 2 | |
| 3 | Comprehensive patterns for designing effective Key Performance Indicator (KPI) dashboards that drive business decisions. |
| 4 | |
| 5 | ## When to Use This Skill |
| 6 | |
| 7 | - Designing executive dashboards |
| 8 | - Selecting meaningful KPIs |
| 9 | - Building real-time monitoring displays |
| 10 | - Creating department-specific metrics views |
| 11 | - Improving existing dashboard layouts |
| 12 | - Establishing metric governance |
| 13 | |
| 14 | ## Core Concepts |
| 15 | |
| 16 | ### 1. KPI Framework |
| 17 | |
| 18 | | Level | Focus | Update Frequency | Audience | |
| 19 | | --------------- | ---------------- | ----------------- | ---------- | |
| 20 | | **Strategic** | Long-term goals | Monthly/Quarterly | Executives | |
| 21 | | **Tactical** | Department goals | Weekly/Monthly | Managers | |
| 22 | | **Operational** | Day-to-day | Real-time/Daily | Teams | |
| 23 | |
| 24 | ### 2. SMART KPIs |
| 25 | |
| 26 | ``` |
| 27 | Specific: Clear definition |
| 28 | Measurable: Quantifiable |
| 29 | Achievable: Realistic targets |
| 30 | Relevant: Aligned to goals |
| 31 | Time-bound: Defined period |
| 32 | ``` |
| 33 | |
| 34 | ### 3. Dashboard Hierarchy |
| 35 | |
| 36 | ``` |
| 37 | ├── Executive Summary (1 page) |
| 38 | │ ├── 4-6 headline KPIs |
| 39 | │ ├── Trend indicators |
| 40 | │ └── Key alerts |
| 41 | ├── Department Views |
| 42 | │ ├── Sales Dashboard |
| 43 | │ ├── Marketing Dashboard |
| 44 | │ ├── Operations Dashboard |
| 45 | │ └── Finance Dashboard |
| 46 | └── Detailed Drilldowns |
| 47 | ├── Individual metrics |
| 48 | └── Root cause analysis |
| 49 | ``` |
| 50 | |
| 51 | ## Detailed worked examples and patterns |
| 52 | |
| 53 | Detailed sections (starting with `## Common KPIs by Department`) live in `references/details.md`. Read that file when the navigation summary above is insufficient. |
| 54 | |
| 55 | ## Best Practices |
| 56 | |
| 57 | ### Do's |
| 58 | |
| 59 | - **Limit to 5-7 KPIs** - Focus on what matters |
| 60 | - **Show context** - Comparisons, trends, targets |
| 61 | - **Use consistent colors** - Red=bad, green=good |
| 62 | - **Enable drilldown** - From summary to detail |
| 63 | - **Update appropriately** - Match metric frequency |
| 64 | |
| 65 | ### Don'ts |
| 66 | |
| 67 | - **Don't show vanity metrics** - Focus on actionable data |
| 68 | - **Don't overcrowd** - White space aids comprehension |
| 69 | - **Don't use 3D charts** - They distort perception |
| 70 | - **Don't hide methodology** - Document calculations |
| 71 | - **Don't ignore mobile** - Ensure responsive design |
| 72 | |
| 73 | ## Troubleshooting |
| 74 | |
| 75 | ### MRR shown on dashboard contradicts finance's number |
| 76 | |
| 77 | The most common cause is inconsistent treatment of annual plans. Finance may prorate to a daily rate while the dashboard normalizes to monthly. Align on a single formula and document it directly on the dashboard card: |
| 78 | |
| 79 | ```sql |
| 80 | -- Explicit formula shown in tooltip / data dictionary |
| 81 | -- Annual plans: divide total contract value by 12 |
| 82 | -- Quarterly plans: divide by 3 |
| 83 | -- Monthly plans: use as-is |
| 84 | CASE subscription_interval |
| 85 | WHEN 'monthly' THEN amount |
| 86 | WHEN 'quarterly' THEN amount / 3.0 |
| 87 | WHEN 'yearly' THEN amount / 12.0 |
| 88 | END AS normalized_mrr |
| 89 | ``` |
| 90 | |
| 91 | ### Dashboard shows green but product team reports users complaining |
| 92 | |
| 93 | The dashboard likely tracks system uptime (a lagging indicator) but not user-facing quality metrics. Add customer-perceived metrics alongside infrastructure metrics: |
| 94 | |
| 95 | | Infrastructure (green) | User-perceived (add these) | |
| 96 | |---|---| |
| 97 | | API uptime 99.9% | P95 page load time | |
| 98 | | Error rate 0.1% | Task completion rate | |
| 99 | | Queue depth normal | Support ticket volume | |
| 100 | |
| 101 | ### Retention cohort looks flat — no variation between cohorts |
| 102 | |
| 103 | Check whether the cohort query is partitioning by signup month correctly. A common bug is using `created_at::date` instead of `DATE_TRUNC('month', created_at)`, which groups by day and produces cohorts too small to show trends: |
| 104 | |
| 105 | ```sql |
| 106 | -- Wrong: too granular, cohorts are too small |
| 107 | DATE_TRUNC('day', created_at) AS cohort_date |
| 108 | |
| 109 | -- Correct: monthly cohorts |
| 110 | DATE_TRUNC('month', created_at) AS cohort_month |
| 111 | ``` |
| 112 | |
| 113 | ### Real-time dashboard hammers the database |
| 114 | |
| 115 | A live dashboard refreshing every 10 seconds with complex cohort SQL will degrade production query performance. Separate OLAP workloads from OLTP by writing pre-aggregated metrics to a summary table via a scheduled job, and have the dashboard read from that: |
| 116 | |
| 117 | ```python |
| 118 | # Scheduled every 5 minutes via cron/Celery |
| 119 | def refresh_mrr_summary(): |
| 120 | conn.execute(""" |
| 121 | INSERT INTO kpi_snapshot (metric, value, snapshot_at) |
| 122 | SELECT 'mrr', SUM(...), NOW() |
| 123 | FROM subscriptions WHERE status = 'active' |
| 124 | ON CONFLICT (metric) DO UPDATE SET value = EXCLUDED.value |
| 125 | """) |
| 126 | ``` |
| 127 | |
| 128 | ### Alert thresholds fire constantly, team ignores them |
| 129 | |
| 130 | Static thresholds set once and never reviewed cause alert fatigue. Use dynamic thresholds based on rolling averages so alerts fire only when the metric deviates si |